Monday, 10 March 2025

British Spies Forced to Use Paper Tax Returns: A Damning Indictment of HMRC’s Security


In a revelation that raises serious questions about the integrity of the UK’s tax infrastructure, Britain’s top spies have been instructed to shun digital tax submissions in favour of old-fashioned paper returns. According to a recent report by The Telegraph, high-ranking security officials, including staff at GCHQ, are barred from filing their self-assessment tax returns online due to unspecified privacy concerns. Instead, they must submit physical forms to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), a move that limits sensitive data exposure to “a small number of staff.” This directive, while framed as a protective measure, speaks volumes about HMRC’s lack of confidence in the security of its own systems and personnel—a troubling sign for a government agency tasked with safeguarding the financial data of millions of taxpayers.
 
The Policy Unveiled
The decision, uncovered by The Telegraph and published on March 9, 2025, comes despite HMRC’s aggressive push to digitise tax filing. In recent years, the tax authority has championed online submissions, with only 3% of taxpayers—approximately 304,000—filing paper returns for the 2023-24 tax year. This shift has been part of a broader “digital by default” strategy aimed at reducing costs (HMRC spends £40 million annually on postage) and streamlining processes. Yet, while the public is urged to embrace the convenience of the HMRC website, the nation’s most security-conscious officials are quietly exempted, relying instead on a method that predates the internet age.
 
HMRC insists this isn’t a reflection of insecurity in its digital platform. A spokesperson told The Telegraph, “This is to ensure access to their records is limited to a small number of staff, rather than concerns over the security of our online services.” However, this explanation rings hollow when scrutinised. If the online system were truly secure, why would limiting access to a handful of personnel be necessary? The very need for such a precaution suggests an underlying distrust in either the technology or the people operating it—or both.
 
Experts Sound the Alarm
Cybersecurity experts have been quick to highlight the implications. Jake Moore, a global cybersecurity adviser for ESET, described the policy as “shocking” to The Telegraph, arguing it amounts to HMRC “effectively suggesting they are not able to deal with an influx of cyber attacks.” He added, “It does not breed any confidence in how the Government is able to look after [taxpayers’] data.” Moore’s critique cuts to the core of the issue: if HMRC cannot protect the sensitive financial details of its own spies—individuals whose identities and activities are already cloaked in secrecy—how can it be trusted to safeguard the data of ordinary citizens?
 
The digital landscape is fraught with risks, from phishing scams to sophisticated state-sponsored hacks. HMRC’s online portal, which handles everything from income tax to VAT, is a prime target for cybercriminals. The agency’s Connect system, a £45 million AI-driven tool launched in 2013, already holds 55 billion data points on taxpayers, cross-referencing bank records, web browsing histories, and even Land Registry entries. Yet, despite this technological prowess, the decision to revert to paper for spies suggests that even HMRC doubts its ability to fend off threats—or prevent internal leaks.
 
A Question of Personnel
Beyond the tech itself, the policy casts a shadow over HMRC’s personnel. The insistence on limiting data access to a select few implies a lack of trust in the broader workforce. Could this stem from past breaches or fears of insider threats? HMRC has faced criticism before—most notably in 2007, when it lost discs containing the personal details of 25 million child benefit claimants, and in 2013, when whistleblower Osita Mba exposed a deal with Goldman Sachs that waived £10 million in tax interest, prompting HMRC to misuse surveillance powers against him. These incidents fuel speculation that the agency’s caution may reflect not just external vulnerabilities but internal weaknesses.
 
The Public’s Dilemma
For the average taxpayer, this revelation is unsettling. HMRC’s campaign to digitise tax returns has been relentless, with paper forms increasingly phased out—135,000 under-70s were told in 2023 they’d no longer receive them automatically. Yet, if the system isn’t secure enough for spies, why should it be for anyone else? Dennis Reed of Silver Voices, a campaign group for older citizens, told The Telegraph, “There is a lot of scepticism from older people about businesses and government forcing people online. Security is always an issue in our minds.” The spies’ exemption only amplifies such concerns, suggesting a two-tier system where the elite get extra protection while the public is left exposed.
 
HMRC’s Defense Falls Flat
HMRC’s attempt to downplay the issue—“some people… may need a greater level of protection due to their identity or job”—does little to reassure. If anything, it underscores the disparity: why aren’t all taxpayers afforded the same diligence? The agency’s investment in security is substantial, with regular testing and collaboration with the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC). Yet, past vulnerabilities—like the 2017 flaws found by researcher Zemnmez, which could have exposed tax records—hint at persistent weaknesses. The spies’ paper mandate feels less like a niche safeguard and more like an admission of systemic fragility.
 
A Broader Reckoning
This isn’t just about tax returns; it’s about trust in government institutions. HMRC collects £26 billion annually in compliance yield, tackling evasion with tools like Connect and international data-sharing agreements. But if it can’t secure its own systems—or trust its staff—its credibility erodes. The policy also clashes with the government’s modernisation agenda. As Chancellor Rachel Reeves pushes for efficiency in a post-Brexit, post-COVID economy, an agency retreating to paper for its most sensitive clients looks like a step backward.
 
Conclusion: Time for Transparency
The decision to keep spies off HMRC’s digital grid is more than a quirky footnote—it’s a red flag. It signals that HMRC harbours serious doubts about the security of its online infrastructure and the reliability of its personnel, even if it won’t admit it outright. 
 
For taxpayers, this should prompt hard questions: If the system isn’t good enough for GCHQ, is it good enough for us? Until HMRC provides clear answers—and evidence of robust, universal protections—the confidence of the British public will remain on shaky ground. In the meantime, perhaps we should all be asking for a stack of paper forms.
 

Tax does have to be taxing.

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